7/5/2023 0 Comments Art forgery dot by dot![]() ![]() Section 4 describes the features used by the proposed technique. Section 3 reviews the working principles of printers and copiers and the different characteristics they impart on documents. This paper is organized as follows: Section 2 introduces related work in print forensics. Using individual characters also allows us to detect and localize document forgeries created using different types of source documents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to distinguish documents produced by laser printers, inkjet printers, and copiers based on features extracted from individual characters in the documents. Based on the analysis of these signatures, we compute features comprising noise energy, contour roughness, and average gradient. We analyze the characteristic for laser/inkjet printers and electrostatic copiers and determine the telltale ‘signatures’ caused by the different physical and technical processes involved in each type of printing. Hence, it can also be used to detect tampered documents produced by a mixture of these sources. The proposed approach can distinguish between documents produced by these sources based on the characters in the document. In this paper, we describe a method to distinguish documents produced by laser printers, inkjet printers, and electrostatic copiers, three devices that are commonly used today. Recent research in document forensics has focused on printer identification, forgery detection, and scanner identification. Although document forensics works based on scanned images, the methods are significantly different. Various methods in digital image forensics are reviewed in, edited by Sencar and Memon. In addition, the device artifacts on the questioned document do not transfer without loss to the scanned image that is analyzed. The techniques are currently limited to text documents with black text on white background. Nevertheless, document forensics faces many challenges that limit its development. The analyses can be automatic or semi-automatic, reducing costs while increasing convenience. This technology uses commodity scanners and a computer to perform the necessary analyses. Document forensics in the digital domain evolved to alleviate the need for specialized devices and trained personnel in order to determine the integrity of documents being analyzed.ĭocument forensics technology, mostly focused on tracing the source of a document or on detecting forgery, has developed rapidly in recent years. Such systems can be expensive, cause wear and tear, and the chemicals used can even cause damage to the documents. Traditional techniques for document inspection depend on specialized devices, trained personnel, and chemicals. QDE deals with scientific techniques that can provide evidence about a suspicious or questionable document. In fact, ‘questioned document examination’ (QDE) has become an important discipline within forensic science. Therefore, document authenticity plays an important role in forensic science where documents are disputed in a court of law. Technological advances, however, have made the printed document easy to modify for malicious purposes. ![]() Experimental results show that this method has an average accuracy of 90% and works with JPEG compression.Įven in the age of the Internet and digital communication, paper is used extensively as an important carrier of information. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to distinguish documents produced by laser printer, inkjet printer, and copier based on features extracted from individual characters in the documents. Based on the analysis of these signatures, we computed the features of noise energy, contour roughness, and average gradient. We analyze the characteristics associated with laser/inkjet printers and electrostatic copiers and determine the signatures created by the different physical and technical processes involved in each type of printing. The proposed approach can distinguish between documents produced by these sources based on features extracted from the characters in the documents. This paper describes a method to distinguish documents produced by laser printers, inkjet printers, and electrostatic copiers, three commonly used document creation devices. ![]()
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